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Source Data & Considerations

Primary Data Sources

World Bank

World Development Indicators

https://databank.worldbank.org/

International Monetary Fund

Balance of Payments

https://data.imf.org/

International Labor Organization

ILOSTAT

https://ilostat.ilo.org/

UNESCO

UNESCO Institute for Statistics

http://data.uis.unesco.org/

United Nations

UN Comtrade Database

https://comtrade.un.org/

Transparency International

Corruption Perceptions Index

https://www.transparency.org/

glassdoor

Salaries

https://www.glassdoor.com

Korn Ferry

Global Talent Shortage

https://www.kornferry.com

World Bank

GovData360

https://govdata360.worldbank.org/

 

 

 

Considerations & Assumptions

  1. Not all countries follow common recommendations for categorizing packaged software, software development, and technology hardware (goods) exports- such as the Handbook on Measuring Digital Trade. (OECD, WTO, & IMF, 2020) ICT Service Exports (indicator code BXSOTCM_BP6_USD) will be the primary indicator for all technology service exports.
  2. Not all economies report using the IMF BoP BPM6 standard. Economies not in compliance with BPM6 are excluded from analysis.
  3. As of the date of writing this report, not all countries have reported all data for 2021. For countries that have not reported a value for a specific indicator in 2021 used in a model, their 2020 value will be used.
  4. If there is an omission for a country’s indicator in a specific year, the value will be calculated by averaging the preceding and following year’s indicator value.
  5. Statistical outliers that report significantly high BoP or COMTRADE data due to various tax schemes (such as Luxembourg) are omitted from models.
  6. Given the uncertainty in migration due to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022, forward-looking calculations will use Ukraine’s 2021 population.
 
 

Acronyms & Definitions

 

AI

Artificial Intelligence

BOP

Balance of Payments

COE

Center of Excellence

COMTRADE

UN Comtrade Database (official trade statistics)

CPI

Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index

FDI

Foreign Direct Investment

HS

Harmonized System export categorization.

HTP

High Technology Park. A tech-centric SEZ.

ICT

Information, Computer, and Technology

ILO

International Labor Organization

IMF

International Monetary Fund

IoT

Internet of Things

MNC

Multinational Corporations

SEZ

Special Economic Zones

STEM

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math

TAM

Total Available Market

TI

Transparency International

UN

United Nations

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

WB

World Bank

WEF

World Economic Forum